Carbon atoms can bond with each other or with other atoms through a variety of hybrid orbitals to form a variety of carbon materials with different structures and properties. These carbon materials have the characteristics of low cost, large specific surface area and stable chemical properties, etc., and have extremely broad application prospects in the field of energy storage: Materials such as carbon black, graphene, and carbon-coated particles (with metal as the core) have good electrical conductivity and stable electrochemical performance, which are commonly used materials for secondary battery cathodes; Materials such as carbon nanotubes and hollow carbon spheres have porous structure and can be modified by introducing functional groups on the surface, which have good physical adsorption and hydrogen storage performance. This Special Issue entitled “Preparation of High Performance Carbon Materials and Their Application in Energy Storage” invites articles that address the preparation principles, methods and applications of carbon materials with excellent performance, including but not limited to the research on new methods of carbon material synthesis, the catalytic mechanism of metals and their compounds in the process of carbon material synthesis (pyrolysis condensation, chemical deposition, hydrothermal polymerization, arc discharge), the surface modification of carbon materials by heteroatoms and metals, and the application of carbon materials in electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen storage. Also, articles which discuss the application progress of carbon materials in energy storage would be of particular interest.